Citrus is a prominent fruit tree of tropical and sub-tropical regions that require a suitable climate for quality production. The groundwork against climate change is compulsory for better global livelihood and food security.Ĭitrus and its related genera i.e., Poncirus, Eremocitrus, Fortunella, and Microcitrus belong to the family Rutaceae. Interventions in agronomic practices, breeding strategies, and biotechnological approaches can mitigate climate change effects on citrus. Water deficit reduces the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance by stomatal closure associated with ABA content and causes an abrupt decrease in photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation in citrus which reduce trees overall growth and production. Stomatal conductance and net carbon dioxide assimilation in citrus leaves can be reduced by super optimal leaf temperature. An increase in temperature and water stress at critical phenological stages of citrus results in reduced tree fruit set, decrease in fruit growth and size, increase in fruit acidity, low tree yield, reduced fruit peel thickness, and pre-harvest fruit drop. These factors cause biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and genetic changes in plant structure and lead to defective growth, development, and reproduction, which ultimately cause a reduction in the economic yield of the crop. Yield loss at a drastic level due to abiotic stress annually in which temperature and water stress are the main environmental factors.

Citrus fruits are one of the largest fruit crops in the world.

Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes and affect in many ways. Climate change is the change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns that lasts for an extended period.

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